Makita GWT04Z 40V max XGT impact wrench

Torque is the twisting force the tool can apply, usually listed in in-lbs or ft-lbs. Higher figures help with large fasteners, augers and hole saws. Ratings from different makers are not always measured the same way, so treat this as a rough guide rather than a direct comparison.

Breakaway torque is the maker's figure for loosening a stuck or rusted fastener, and it is usually higher than the fastening torque rating. It is the number to watch for lug nuts, suspension bolts and seized hardware. Makers test this differently, so compare figures with caution.

Max speed is the top no-load speed, in RPM for rotating tools. No-load means the tool is running free, so speed drops once it is working. On drills, many makers list a figure per gear: high for small bits, low for control with large bits or long screws.

Impact rate, in impacts per minute (IPM), counts how often the hammer mechanism strikes the anvil when the tool is under load. More impacts per minute generally helps fasteners seat faster, but it works together with torque and speed, so do not judge a tool on this figure alone.

The anvil is the square drive that holds sockets, commonly 3/8, 1/2 or 3/4 inch. Retention type matters: a hog ring (friction ring) allows quick socket changes, while a detent pin locks sockets in more securely. Use impact-rated sockets that match the anvil size.

Tool length is the front-to-back measurement published by the maker. A shorter tool fits between studs, joists and inside cabinets more easily; standard US framing is 16 inches on center, leaving about 14-1/2 inches between studs. Check whether the figure includes the chuck or bit holder.

This lists how many batteries come in the box, if any. Tool-only (bare) listings include no battery or charger, which suits buyers already on that battery platform. Two batteries let you charge one while working with the other.

Amp-hours (Ah) is the battery's charge capacity. At the same voltage, a higher Ah pack runs longer between charges but is usually larger and heavier. Smaller packs keep the tool lighter for overhead and light work; larger packs suit saws, grinders and other high-draw tools.

This states whether a charger is included and which type. Chargers vary in output, so the same battery can take noticeably different times to charge on different chargers. Tool-only listings usually include no charger.